Which populations are at greatest risk of lead exposure?

The selection of children under 6 years of age and pregnant women as the populations at greatest risk of lead exposure is well-founded. Children are particularly vulnerable to lead because their developing bodies and brains can be adversely affected even by low levels of lead exposure. This can lead to significant cognitive and behavioral issues, including developmental delays and learning difficulties. The reason young children are at greater risk is that they frequently engage in hand-to-mouth behaviors, increasing their likelihood of ingesting lead dust or contaminated surfaces.

Pregnant women are also at high risk because lead exposure can have detrimental effects not only on the mother's health but also on fetal development. Lead can cross the placental barrier, potentially causing serious issues such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental problems in the baby.

The other choices do not represent populations that are as critically susceptible to lead exposure. While teenagers and the elderly may face their own health challenges, they do not share the same level of risk for lead-related health effects as young children and pregnant women. Adults in high-stress jobs and construction workers or factory employees may encounter lead in certain environments; however, the overall risk and impact on health due to lead exposure are not as acute as that seen in young children and pregnant women.